Intervention for Married Immigrant Women in Korea: A Systematic Review

Purpose@#This study aimed to review the intervention programs designed for married immigrant women living in Korea. @*Methods@#A total of 39 articles published from 2010 to 2020 were selected and analyzed using domestic and international web-based academic databases according to a systematic literature review procedure. The selected studies were evaluated for quality according to RoB (Risk of Bias) and RoBANS (Risk of Bias for Non-randomized studies). Additionally, intervention programs and outcome variables were based on the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) and Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) system. @*Results@#According to the NIC categories, 69.2% of the interventions were in the behavioral domain, and 23.1% were in the family domain. The outcome variables primarily measured in NOC categories were psychological well-being (45.8%), health knowledge (11.0%), and health belief (10.2%). The quality of the selected studies was low overall in random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, and blinding of outcome data in randomized controlled trials (RCT) studies and confounding variables, blinding of outcome data, and incomplete outcome bias in non-RCT studies. @*Conclusion@#Based on the results of this study, future studies will have to consider the characteristics of the subjects, life cycle, daily life, or language limitations. In addition, it is necessary to develop high-quality programs through continuous research on currently and frequently used interventions and outcome variables and on other various mediations and to verify the outcome variables.

Factors Influencing COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors in Nursing Students: Knowledge, Risk Perception, Anxiety, and Depression

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to survey the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) related knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, depression, and anxiety levels among nursing students, and to identify factors that influence preventive behaviors. @*Methods@#An online survey was conducted among nursing students from October 7, 2020 to October 12, 2020. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. @*Results@#A total of 222 nursing students participated in this study. The correct answer rate for COVID-19 knowledge was 90.0%, risk perception was 5.51 ± 1.26, and the rate for preventive behaviors was 92.5%. The depression score was 6.28 ± 4.63; 59.9% of nursing students had depression, and the anxiety score was 5.56 ± 3.98; 59.9% of nursing students had anxiety. COVID-19 preventive behaviors had a positive correlation with COVID-19 knowledge (r = .30, p < .001), COVID-19 risk perception (r = .18, p = .009), and anxiety (r = .21, p = .001).Factors influencing COVID-19 preventive behaviors by multiple regression were identified as COVID-19 knowledge, anxiety, physical health status before and after COVID-19, grade, practical experience after COVID-19, and COVID-19 risk perception (F = 12.46, p < .001, R 2 = 25.8%). @*Conclusion@#The results of this research on factors influencing COVID-19 prevention behaviors can be used in the future to develop appropriate health policies for individual and community infectious disease prevention behaviors.

Intervention for Married Immigrant Women in Korea: A Systematic Review

Purpose@#This study aimed to review the intervention programs designed for married immigrant women living in Korea. @*Methods@#A total of 39 articles published from 2010 to 2020 were selected and analyzed using domestic and international web-based academic databases according to a systematic literature review procedure. The selected studies were evaluated for quality according to RoB (Risk of Bias) and RoBANS (Risk of Bias for Non-randomized studies). Additionally, intervention programs and outcome variables were based on the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) and Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) system. @*Results@#According to the NIC categories, 69.2% of the interventions were in the behavioral domain, and 23.1% were in the family domain. The outcome variables primarily measured in NOC categories were psychological well-being (45.8%), health knowledge (11.0%), and health belief (10.2%). The quality of the selected studies was low overall in random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, and blinding of outcome data in randomized controlled trials (RCT) studies and confounding variables, blinding of outcome data, and incomplete outcome bias in non-RCT studies. @*Conclusion@#Based on the results of this study, future studies will have to consider the characteristics of the subjects, life cycle, daily life, or language limitations. In addition, it is necessary to develop high-quality programs through continuous research on currently and frequently used interventions and outcome variables and on other various mediations and to verify the outcome variables.

Factors Influencing COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors in Nursing Students: Knowledge, Risk Perception, Anxiety, and Depression

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to survey the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) related knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, depression, and anxiety levels among nursing students, and to identify factors that influence preventive behaviors. @*Methods@#An online survey was conducted among nursing students from October 7, 2020 to October 12, 2020. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. @*Results@#A total of 222 nursing students participated in this study. The correct answer rate for COVID-19 knowledge was 90.0%, risk perception was 5.51 ± 1.26, and the rate for preventive behaviors was 92.5%. The depression score was 6.28 ± 4.63; 59.9% of nursing students had depression, and the anxiety score was 5.56 ± 3.98; 59.9% of nursing students had anxiety. COVID-19 preventive behaviors had a positive correlation with COVID-19 knowledge (r = .30, p < .001), COVID-19 risk perception (r = .18, p = .009), and anxiety (r = .21, p = .001).Factors influencing COVID-19 preventive behaviors by multiple regression were identified as COVID-19 knowledge, anxiety, physical health status before and after COVID-19, grade, practical experience after COVID-19, and COVID-19 risk perception (F = 12.46, p < .001, R 2 = 25.8%). @*Conclusion@#The results of this research on factors influencing COVID-19 prevention behaviors can be used in the future to develop appropriate health policies for individual and community infectious disease prevention behaviors.

Chief Complaints of Elderly Individuals on Presentation to Emergency Department: A Retrospective Analysis of South Korean National Data 2014

PURPOSE: We aimed to assess the chief complaints (CCs) of elderly individuals on presentation to the emergency department (ED) according to gender, age, and disease-related and injury-related visits. METHODS: The 2014 registry database of the National Emergency Department Information System in South Korea, which included data on 908,761 ED visits by individuals aged 65 years and over, was reviewed. RESULTS: We found that 80.7% ED visits were related to disease, whereas the remaining visits were related to injury. The most common CCs presented by elderly male and female individuals with disease-related visits were dyspnea and dizziness, respectively. The 10 most common CCs accounted for 45.5% and 49.2% of the total disease-related visits for male and female individuals, respectively. The most common CC in male and female individuals with injury-related visits was headache and hip pain, respectively. The CC rank showed minimal variance among the different age groups, but a difference was observed between male and female individuals. The most common mechanism of injury in elderly male and female individuals was slipping, wherein females showed a higher occurrence rate than their male counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: These findings can be used to establish an ED training curriculum for nursing students and ED nurses, particularly for ED triage in the elderly.

The DTI in the evolution of vascular cognitive impairment mechanism based leukoaraiosis / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the integrity of white matter changes in patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI)based Leukoaraiosis.Methods The patients which appeared white matter hyperintensities in subcortical were performed psychological testing,then 48 VaMCI patients and 18 without cognitive impairment volunteers(NC)were choosed and performed DTI scanning,to determine the white matter’s values of FA and ADC in the following bilaterally symmetrical regions of interest(ROI):entorhinal cortex lobe,hippocampal vault,anterior of corpus callosum,posterior of corpus callosum,inferior frontal lobe,superior temporal lobe and angular gyrus of occipital lobe. Then the differences of the data of DTI between two groups and the relevance between neuropsychological score and DTI’s data were analysed.Results ADC values were significantly higher of VaMCI group in the left inferior frontal lobe,left anterior of corpus callo-sum,left hippocampus vault and right angular gyrus compared with NC group(P <0.05),and in the left hippocampus ADC values and MoCA scores was negatively correlated(r=-0.34,P =0.02).There was no significant difference of FA values between groups. Conclusion The ADC values in many cognitive related areas was reduced in VaMCI patients.

Two notes on clinical health keeping guidance of professors LI Wei-xian / 国际中医中药杂志

The famous senior Chinese medical doctor Li Wei-xian is one of the national third and fourth acadomic advisor groups for propagating and inheriting of TCM experiences and theories.He is good at treating gynecology and pediatrics particularly,who believes that reasonable and eriective clinical health keeping guidance should be given sufficient attention.He noted that"if you want to keep healthful,the staple food is necessary,"for fomale patients with qi and blood deficiency,and that"if you want your children be better,a little hunger and cold is required."

Effect of Hyperphosphorylated p38MAPK in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Axonal Damage / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the mechanism about the expression of the hyperphosphorylated p38MAPK in the central nervous system (CNS) of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse and its relationship to the axonal damage, and investigate the potential regulation of SB203580 to the damaged axons in the CNS of EAE mouse.Methods SJL/J mice were used to establish the EAE model. Brain and spinal cord of EAE mice in the model group, SB203580 group and control group were used respectively at different time points. Stained with HE and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB), also the immunohistochemical detection was conducted with parallel phosphorylation of p38MAPK antibody staining and APP staining at the same time. By image analysis system, the number of positive signals, the coverage and the average density value in the cytoplasm of neuron in white matter lesions were measured.Results The model of EAE mice induced by PLP peptide manifested significant neurological symptoms, signs and features of relapse and remitting. Demyelinating change was observed in local regional white matter region. Compared with the model group, SB203580 group changed lighter, with its behavioral observations and had a significant weight gain (P<0.01). In addition to the control group, amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression was detected in other groups at various time points. Compared to the model group, APP expression was slighter than in SB203580 group. The number of positive cells and strength was significantly lower in the SB203580 group (P<0.01); expression of p38MAPK in EAE mice was observed at the earlier 7th day after immunization. Compared to the model group, expression of SB203580 group was lighter, positive number and intensity decreased markedly (P<0.01).Conclusion p38MAPK blockers SB203580 can not only inhibit activation of the p38MAPK in EAE mice, but also effectively reduce expression of APP which is symbolic target of EAE axonal injury, it is confirmed that the p38MAPK is indeed involved in the EAE axonal injury.

Effect of Yinaotongluo Capsule on diffuse weighting image and energy metabolism of ischemia-reperfused rats / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Yinaotongluo Capsule on diffuse weighting image and enenery metabolism of ischemia-reperfuing rat.MethodsMagnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) and 1H and magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) were performed in different brain regions in focal cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury model rats. ResultsYinaotongluo Capsule could significantly reduce the area and the intensity of infarction of rats by DWI 3 h and 5 d after treatment compared with the model group.The result of 1H MRS examination demonstrated Lac peak was lower and NAA peak higher than that of the model group. ConclusionYinaotongluo Capsule can effectually improve enenery metabolism during cerebral ischemia and reperfuing, so that to reduce the neuronal dysfunction and death in infarcts at the late stage.

Comparison of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models induced by two kinds of proteolipid proteins / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has become the most classical animal model for multiple sclerosis. However, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of China presented one-way course of disease. By using proteolipid protein 139-151 and proteolipid protein 178-191, relapse remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models may be induced in SJL/J mice which were susceptible to immune, which have similar clinical situation, course and histologicallterations to multiple sclerosis.OBJECTIVE: To establish the relapse remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model induced by proteolipid protein, which has similar clinical situation, course and histological alterations to multiple sclerosis.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: The centre of Neuro-information, and Neurological Institute,General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Neuro-pathology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, from February to June 2004.Sixty female SJL/J mice with 8-12 weeks old were selected and randomly divided into proteolipid protein 139-151 group and proteolipid protein-178-191 group with 30 in each.INTERVENTIONS: After injected with proteolipid protein-139-151 or proteolipid protein-178-191, the models of relapse remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis were induced, and the body weight and neurological signs of each female SJL/J mouse were viewed. The tissue morphological changes of models were observed with hematoxylin and eosin and uxol fast blue stain.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The neurological symptoms and signs,features of relapse and remitting and the perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration, demyelinated lesion of the model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse induced by two proteolipid protein peptides.RESULTS: All 60 mice entered the final analysis. ① Significant neurological symptoms, signs and features of relapse and remitting was manifested in the model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse induced by two proteolipid protein peptides. Obvious phenomena of perivascular inflammatory cuffing, satellitism, predominant perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelinated lesion were found in spinal and cerebral tissue. ②Changes of body mass: Before immunity, the body mass of mice in two groups was( 17. 84 ± 2.59) g and (17. 88 ± 0.52) g respectively. Onset of relapse of the mice in proteolipid protein-178-191 group was earlier and faster, their body mass had no distinctive change after immunization and the mean body mass was(23.52 ± 2.37) g till the 60th day. Meanwhile, Onset of relapse of the mice in proteolipid protein-139-151 group was later and slower. After the immunity, the body mass of mice was little decrease, and the body mass was (16. 70 ±0.46) g on the 60th day. ③ Neural functional scores: The highest functional scores in the two groups were not different(3.86 ± 1.10vs 3.71 ±1.05, t=0.49, P=0.628).CONCLUSION: The two different antigenic peptides of proteolipid protein can all cause the autoimmune response of central nervous system. Both models have the same characters of relapse and remitting and the severity has no significant difference. But compared with proteolipid protein 139- 151 group,onset and recover of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis of the mice in proteolipid protein 178-191 group were earlier, as well as weight variance was larger, which maybe due to the different structure of two peptides.

PET imaging of brain function while puncturing the acupoint ST36 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the experimental method of obtaining position emission tonogiaphy (PET) imaging evidence of changes in cerebral function by puncturing the Stomach 36 (ST36, Zusanli) acupoint.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data on changes of cerebral glycometabolism were obtained from six healthy male volunteers with positron emission tomography. Visual experimental evidence, as well as statistical parametric mapping (SPM), was gathered while puncturing the ST36 (Zusanli, right leg) acupoint.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was increased glycometabolism in the hypothalamus, head of the caudate nucleus, temporal lobe, the sinistral cerebellum, postcentral gyrus, and brain stem while the acupoint ST36 was being punctured.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Acupuncture on ST36 can lead to increase in glycometabolism in the vegetative nerve centers, which is correlated with gastric function. Visual experimental evidence of ST36 acupuncturing on functional gastrointestinal disorder was obtained in our study.</p>

Analysis on the Characteristics of "Du-pathogen" in TCM:Based on Expert Questionnaire / 中医杂志

70%. The cluster analysis and factorial analysis showed that the fierceness, cruelty, and vital qi damaging were often clustered with each other and constituted the factors of main characteristics of Du-pathogen. In the Logistic regression analysis, it was discovered that fierceness, cruelty, and multi-damaging were closely related with the recognition of "the excessive pathogen damaging the health" (P